Of the Venus Ionosphere

• A two-dimensional, time-dependent, shock capturing single-sp•ies (O +)hydrodynamic odel of the Venus ionosphere, which solves the coupled continuity, momentum and energy _,•ons for the altitude range of 150 500 km and the solar zenith angle range of 0O 180 ø has been developed and is presented in this paper. It was again demonstrated thathe introduction of topside heat inflows leads to calculated dayside electron ,red ion temperatures, which are consistent with the measured values. In order to reproduce the measured electron temperatures, which are roughly constant over all SZA's, the heat inflows had to be reduced significantly over the nightside compared to the dayside values. The calculated transterminator i n flows are supersonic and relatively •ose to the observed average values. The model predicts a dec•leration shock at a SZA of about 135 ø, consistent wi h the ion tempe• and velocity observations.